Dog allergies can significantly impact a pet's quality of life, causing discomfort and distress. Not only for them but for you too! While allergies in dogs can stem from various sources such as environmental factors or food, there's growing recognition of the role genetics play in predisposing certain breeds to allergic conditions. We want pet parents to understand all aspects of what may be ailing their pups and providing you with the resources to better help them. So, we decided to break down all probable factors while getting into the details that connect genetics and dog allergies and exploring how hereditary factors contribute our pets suffering.
Before getting into the genetic aspects, it's crucial to understand what allergies entail and some things that are frequently labeled as allergies since they present the same way. There is a difference between allergic reactions, food intolerances and sensitivities to substances.
Allergies usually occur when the immune system over reacts to substances that are typically harmless. Common culprits include pollen, dust mites, mold, food, and even certain ingredients used in grooming products or household cleaners. However, a true allergic reaction will often come on quickly and be noticeable but also can resolve quickly when the allergen is eliminated. (An antihistamine steroid or other medication may be needed depending on the severity) When intolerant to something – they may have a slower negative reaction present itself but the symptoms overtime will be similar and unfortunately take longer to reverse. This is commonly seen when something in their diet is bothering them such as a protein source or grains. Not to say pets are not allergic to foods the way humans are but it is less common than an intolerance. Lastly, with a sensitivity, you’re likely to notice similar less severe symptoms that generally resolve on their own. You may see this with topical treatments, home cleaning and grooming supplies or when they have been outside after inclement weather or landscaping was done. (salt or lawn treatments)
Manifestations of allergies or reactions in dogs and various things to look for:
- Skin Irritation: Itchy, inflamed skin, rashes, recurrent hot spots, and chronic scratching are common signs of allergic dermatitis in dogs. This includes licking their paws or having that distinctive yeast odor.
- Respiratory Issues: Dogs may exhibit symptoms such as sneezing, coughing, wheezing, or nasal discharge if they are allergic to airborne allergens. You may also see watery eyes and tear stains.
- Gastrointestinal Distress: Allergies to certain foods can cause symptoms like vomiting, diarrhea, or excessive flatulence in dogs. Sudden onset of symptoms may occur in severe cases.
- Ear Infections: Dogs prone to allergies may experience recurrent ear infections, often characterized by redness, odor, and discharge. Always have them checked for mites as well. They will often scratch their ears or be seen shaking their heads excessively.
But what role does genetics play in all of these unwanted symptoms you ask? While environmental factors can trigger allergies, genetics also play a significant role in determining a dog's susceptibility to allergic conditions. Here's how!
- Breed Predisposition: Certain breeds exhibit a higher prevalence of allergic conditions compared to others. Breeds such as Bulldogs, Retrievers, Terriers, and Boxers are among those commonly predisposed to allergies. Especially those that carry specific coloring markers such as blue or merle.
- Family Patterns: It can run in the family! If a dog's parents or siblings have a history of allergic conditions it is an indicator of genetic component., increasing the likelihood of them developing allergies as well.
- Immune System Function: Genetic variations can influence how a dog's immune system responds to allergens. Dogs with genetic predispositions may have exaggerated immune responses, leading to heightened allergic reactions.
- Skin Barrier Function: Genetic factors and coat type can impact the integrity of their skin barrier. This makes them more susceptible to allergens penetrating the skin, triggering allergic dermatitis.
- Haplotypes and Candidate Genes: Scientific research has identified specific genetic markers associated with allergic conditions in various breed. Studies have focused on identifying these specific genes being linked to allergic dermatitis, atopic dermatitis, and food allergies.
As you can see, genetics play a crucial role in predisposing certain dog breeds to allergic conditions. Understanding the wide variety of factors contributing to their allergies is essential for effective management and prevention strategies. While genetic predispositions cannot be altered, being proactive and avoiding allergen, offering an appropriate diet can help alleviate allergic symptoms and improve their happiness and overall wellbeing. The help of your vet for medication and/or advice form a trusted pet nutritionist is always recommended and may be needed! By being aware and proactive, we can strive to provide better care and support for dogs suffering from discomfort.
